There is no quibbling when it comes to applying IP enforcement measures The Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights (Directive 2004/48) (“the IP Enforcement Directive”) lays down a number of enforcement measures, procedures and remedies which the Member States of the European Union (EU) must make available to intellectual property (IP) right-holders...Read More

Not all lease agreements contain a force majeure provision. With respect to leases, force majeure is only referred to in “Sub-title I. Of the Letting of Things” of the Civil Code, article 1557, which refers to force majeure in one specific situation, namely  the repair of damages:   “The lessee shall in no case be responsible...Read More